Since treatment of abnormal vaginal microbiota has been reported to have a positive effect in pregnant women, BV is widely accepted as a risk factor for PTD 4. enhances anaerobic bacterial growth, which can subsequently progress to vaginal dysbiosis and bacterial vaginosis (BV) 3. Healthy vaginal microbiota, dominated by Lactobacillus species (spp.), is a significant protective factor against vaginal infections that are potentially associated with PTD 2. This small study found a trend toward a benefit of treatment with vaginal lactobacilli during pregnancy.ĭespite progress in perinatology, prevention of preterm delivery (PTD) is still a leading problem in obstetrics 1. Among women without lactobacilli (the IM0N4 group), the Nugent sore decreased by 4 points only in the women who received treatment, and gestational age at delivery and neonatal birthweight were both significantly higher in the treated subgroup than in the untreated subgroup ( p = 0.047 and p = 0.016, respectively). Half of the women in each group received the treatment. Pregnant women with intermediate microbiota of the vagina and a Nugent score of 4 were enrolled in two groups: intermediate vaginal microbiota and a Nugent score of 4 with lactobacilli (IMLN4) and intermediate vaginal microbiota and a Nugent score of 4 without lactobacilli (IM0N4), with and without vaginal lactobacilli at baseline, respectively. We treated women with this vaginal dysbiosis in the first trimester of pregnancy using a vaginally applied lactobacilli preparation to restore the normal microbiota in order to delay the preterm delivery rate. The intermediate bacterial microbiota is a heterogeneous group that varies in the severity of the dysbiosis, from minor deficiency to total absence of vaginal Lactobacillus spp.

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